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In addition to the course material there is a wealth of information on the internet. This section presents a selection of useful resources for students

General

Global Environment Outlook 4

UNEP (2007)


The fourth report in the Global Environment Outlook (GEO-4) assessment series provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the state of the environment. GEO-4 addresses the key challenges facing our planet, highlights emerging environmental issues that require policy attention and makes recommendations for decision-makers to act.

http://www.unep.org/geo/geo4/report/GEO-4_Report_Full_en.pdf
   
Urban Air Pollution in Asian Cities

Earthscan (2006)

Air pollution has become part of the daily existence of many people who work, live and use the streets in Asian cities. Each day millions of city dwellers breathe air polluted with concentrations of chemicals, smoke and particles that dramatically exceed World Health Organization guideline values. Deteriorating air quality has resulted in significant impacts on human health and environment in Asia.

This book provides a comprehensive and comparative assessment of the current status and challenges in urban air pollution management in 20 cities in the Asian region. It examines the effects on human health and the environment and future implications for planning, transport and energy sectors. National and local governments have begun to develop air quality management strategies to address the deterioration in urban air quality; however, the scope and effectiveness of such strategies vary widely. This book benchmarks these air quality management strategies, examines successes and failures in these cities and presents strategies for improving air quality management in cities across Asia and the rest of our rapidly urbanizing world.

Information on air quality in Asia is clearly presented with easy-to-read city profiles, tables and graphs. This is an essential resource for all those concerned with urban air quality management, not just in Asia but in cities across our rapidly urbanizing world.

http://www.earthscan.co.uk/default.aspx?tabid=1455
   
Urban Air Quality Management Toolbook for Developing Countries Toolkit

UNEP (2006)


The general purpose of the Handbook is to give urban managers in developing countries an overview of the general process of urban air quality management. The tools found in the Toolkit portion of the Toolbook/CD-ROM - for example, the case studies, spreadsheets, simple mathematical models, and maps - are designed to give an indication of the seriousness of air pollution in order to encourage policymakers and stakeholders to support strategy development, action planning, and implementation of proven practices to deal with air quality issues.

http://www.unep.org/urban_environment/PDFs/handbook.pdf

http://www.unep.org/urban_environment/PDFs/toolkit.pdf
   
Country Synthesis Reports on Urban Air Quality Management in Asia

CAI-Asia (2006)


The country and city synthesis report (CSR) is the first comprehensive overview of urban air quality management (AQM) for 17 countries and 1 city (Hong Kong, SAR) in Asia. The research for these CSRs was led by the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) Secretariat with inputs by a range of organizations and air quality experts from across Asia and elsewhere.

http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/channel.html
   

Transport

Journal of World Transport Policy and Practice

World Transport Policy & Practice (WTPP) is a FREE quarterly journal which provides a high quality medium for original and creative work in world transport.WTPP has a philosophy based on the equal importance of academic rigour and a strong commitment to ideas, policies and practical initiatives that will bring about a reduction in global dependency on cars, lorries and aircraft.WTPP has a commitment to sustainable transport which embraces the urgent need to cut global emissions of carbon dioxide, to reduce the amount of new infrastructure of all kinds and to highlight the importance of future generations, the poor, those who live in degraded environments and those deprived of human rights by planning systems that put a higher importance on economic objectives than on the environment and social justice.To help it to reach a wide readership, encompassing advocates and activists as well as academics and advisers, WTPP is available free of charge as PDF files on the internet

http://www.ecoplan.org/wtpp/wtj_index.htm .
   
GTZ's Sustainable Transport Sourcebook

This Sourcebook on Sustainable Urban Transport addresses the key areas of a sustainable transport policy framework for a developing city. The Sourcebook consists of more than 26 modules. It is also complemented by a series of training documents and other material. It is intended for policy-makers in developing cities, and their advisors.

http://www.sutp.org/index.php?option=
com_content&task=view&id=427&Itemid=73&lang=en
   

Climate Change

Climate Change: assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels

WHO (2007)


Climate change is an emerging risk factor for human health. There is now widespread consensus among the scientific community that the earth is warming, that this is mainly due to human activities, and that this will continue for at least the next several decades. It is therefore important to obtain the best possible assessment of the likely health impacts of climate change. This is a particularly challenging task. The guidance presented outlines a general approach, and describes how the methods that were applied in the World Health Organization global comparative risk assessment project. It should be useful in generating preliminary estimates of some of the health effects of climate change, and as a guide to developing more comprehensive and accurate assessment in the future.

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595674_eng.pdf
   
The Clean Development Mechanism and Urban Air Pollution: A Handbook for Policymakers

Curb-Air (2008)


The handbook is aims to guide policymakers, civil servants and anyone interested in the issue of CDM, urban air pollution and climate change.

http://www.curb-air.org/
   

Health

Introduction and Methods assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels

WHO (2003)


This introductory guide provides the background to, and a description of, the general method for assessing the disease burden caused by environmental risk factors. Subsequent guides address the disease burdens of specific environmental risk factors. To assess a disease burden, the health impact of disease and injury needs to be assessed quantitatively at population level. This may be measured in terms of the number of deaths, or as a summary measure of population health, such as the disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Environmental burden of disease (EBD) studies assess the disease burden attributable to environmental risk factors, and are closely linked to assessments of the disease burden for individual diseases and injuries.

http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/en/9241546204.pdf
   

Indoor Smoke from Solid Fuels: assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels

WHO (2004)


This guide outlines a method for estimating the disease burden at a national or local level caused by household exposures to indoor smoke from solid fuels. Solid fuel use is defined as the household combustion of coal or biomass (such as dung, charcoal, wood, or crop residues). Worldwide, approximately 50% of all households and 90% of rural households utilize solid fuels for cooking or heating. Solid fuels are commonly burned in inefficient simple stoves and in poorly ventilated conditions. In such situations, solid fuel use generates substantial emissions of many health-damaging pollutants, including respirable particulates and carbon monoxide, and results in indoor air pollution exposures often far exceeding national standards and international guidelines.

http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/en/Indoorsmoke.pdf
   

Lead: assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels

WHO (2003)


This guide outlines a method for estimating the disease burden at national, city or local levels caused by environmental exposure to lead. The method described in the guide assesses lead exposure from the distribution of lead levels in blood samples representative of the study population. For children, the exposure distribution is then converted into a distribution of IQ points lost, resulting mild mental retardation, and into rates of anaemia and gastrointestinal symptoms. For adults, the exposure distribution is converted mainly into increased blood pressure, which may cause various cardiovascular diseases, including ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.

http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/en/leadebd2.pdf
   

Outdoor Air Pollution: assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels

WHO (2004)


This guide outlines a method for quantifying selected health impacts associated with outdoor air pollution. Such an estimate can be performed at the level of a country or city, according to locally available exposure and health data, and can be used as input to decision-making regarding for example transport options or standard setting in air quality.

http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/ebd5.pdf
   

AQM training materials

Many Web sites now offer training related to air quality management. Particularly noteworthy are the sites from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), the German Association for Technical Co-operation, and the Stockholm Environment Institute.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

A technical manual on wet and dry deposition outlining the agreed methodologies was developed and finalized in consultation with the national implementing agencies and relevant experts. A manual for national training programmes on air pollution monitoring was also published on the Web. Both manuals are accessible at http://www.unep.org/tnt-unep/toolkit. The UNEP/TNT Toolkit for Clean Fleet Strategy Development (http://www.unep.org/tnt-unep/toolkit/) is designed to help develop a strategy for reducing the environmental impacts of vehicle fleets. In six tools the Toolkit provides information on vehicular air pollutants; the relationship between vehicle characteristics, fuel quality, and emissions; health effects; effects on the built environment; and sources of greenhouse gases and effects of climate change. Further eight tools are devoted to potential actions such as maintenance; driver behaviour; fuel quality; emission control technologies, advanced and future vehicles and fuels. Two tools then address the issue of strategy development for reducing the fleet's environmental impacts and the control of its efficiency The final tool enables to estimate the fleet's emissions.
   
World Health Organization (WHO)
Training materials relevant for air quality management and available on the WHO website include exercises for environmental epidemiology.

Epi Info Teaching Modules
can be downloaded from
:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1996/WHO_EHG_96.15.pdf.

Problem-based training exercises for environmental epidemiology
- Group practice exercises for students are available at
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHO_EHG_98.2.pdf.

Although these materials base on older epidemiological studies they are still relevant for the purpose of training on health impact assessment .
   
USEPA's Air Pollution Training Institute (APTI)

Primarily provides technical air pollution training to US air pollution professionals, although others may benefit from the training material. The curriculum is available in classroom, telecourse, self-instruction, and web-based formats. The training topics include all aspects of air quality management. Recently introduced topics are training courses on the chain of custody, environmental statistics, and emission inventories.

The course entitled 'Preparation of Fine Particulate Emission Inventories' provides a Student Manual and a Workbook on the web. The information is presented on several websites starting from the APTI home page: http://www.epa.gov/air/oaqps/eog/index.html.

USEPA's Air Quality Management Online Portal
at http://www.epa.gov/air/aqmportal/resources.htm seeks to identify useful training resources within the USEPA website as well as other good sources of information. The Online Portal is:
  • Targeted towards international air quality management professionals who are at varied levels of expertise and familiarity with the US air quality management paradigm;
  • Designed to offer an overview of the essential components of air quality management;
  • Directed to users as a guide to relevant resources developed by the USEPA and other major leaders in the air quality management field; and
  • Linked to specific statutes, standards, models and methodologies used by the US, which are provided as examples and resources.
Available tools and training materials include control strategies, emissions inventories, dispersion modelling, and concentration monitoring.